Incarceration, Handguns and Homicides

“The homicide rate is going up because there are more guns!”

That was a hysterical statement made by a talking head on a television news network. Sadly, this fellow is considered to be a journalist by people who evidently don’t own dictionaries or know of Edward R. Murrow.

At the Gun Facts project, we pour through so much data that recognizing low grade equine effluvium, such as the statement above, is second nature for us. Yet our joy in life is converting hard numbers into knowledge and perspective so that people with high intellects (that would be you, kind reader) will see through such comical statements as what the nightly news anchor uttered.

The basic take-away

Starting in the early 1990s, after two decades of steadily rising violent crime rates, all forms of crime started dropping. This includes homicides. But after 1993 (more on that in a moment), while the homicide rate in the United States was steadily falling, the supply of handguns kept rising steadily.

If the basic theory as pontificated by the undereducated “journalist” held true, the rising supply of handguns – the primary tool of choice for homicides in the US – would have gone up, not down. Firearms account for 56–74% of homicide deaths ¹ depending on the year. Though slightly variable, and ignoring the nadir year of 2001, we see a range of 65–75% of homicides being committed with guns since 1993.

That said, post-1993, stockpiling guns didn’t make things worse on the homicide front; things kept getting better. But why were there fewer shootings?

Ticked-off Americans

The rising crime rates of the 1970s and 1980s led to a citizen’s revolt of sorts. Starting in 1993, states began enacting “habitual offender” laws. These laws targeted thugs who kept committing crimes with the goal of “keeping them off the streets” (and we know from decadal Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that “the streets” are where criminals get their guns).

These laws were most commonly of the “three strikes” variety. Ignoring whether these laws were poorly written and maybe went too far, we see in the chart above that as more and more people entered and stayed in the prison system, the more the homicide rate dropped even as the per capita supply of handguns kept rising. With nearly half of US states passing such laws in a four-year window, and a handful of states already having them on the books, the cause-and-effect relationship is highly probable.

We know from a scatter-shot of criminology studies that repeat violent offenders are responsible for the majority of homicides. As cited elsewhere on Gun Facts, we note that the average street gang member held for one homicide is the lead suspect in three homicides, on average. Hence, once America started putting shooters – or people who might graduate into becoming shooters – into prisons for extended stays, there were fewer shootings.

All while the handgun supply went up… and up… and up.

Limitations

There are other factors aside from habitual offender laws. Many have pointed out that there were confounding factors such as changes in demographics, earlier changes in attitudes about abortions which led to demographic changes, a post-cold war economic boom, et cetera. Grafting all that is more than we at the Gun Facts project will take on this week. But even if those factors were significantly influential, they still deny the basic premise that the supply of guns leads to more violent crime.

Your job is to share the opening graphic on social media so the next time a talking head on a network news program says something uneducated, your friends and neighbors will change the channel.

This article first appeared on Gun Facts. Please make a donation directly to them at https://www.gunfacts.info/donate/